This review is segmented into three main parts; i.e., the preparation, structures and reactions of the five- to nine-membered selenium- and tellurium-containing heterocycles. 1) The intramolecular cyclizations of four types of dibenzyl chalcogenols, which contained one or two ethynyl groups, were carried out. 2) The reaction of selenolactones with ethynyllithium, followed by treatment with aqueous H2SO4 successfully led to a two-carbon ring expansion to give the selenium-containing seven- to nine-membered unsaturated cyclic ketones. 3) The intramolecular cyclizations of the selenols, which were generated from the isoselenocyanates and the nucleophiles, gave the selenium-containing five- or six-membered heterocycles in one-pot.