@article{oai:hokuriku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000100,
 author = {村上, 良夫 and Murakami, Yoshio},
 journal = {北陸大学紀要, Bulletin of Hokuriku University},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {I Introduction Recently emphasis has been given to the view that the rise of the Waldensian heresy was due primarily to external factors: that is, the strong attitude, the hard policy, of the Church drove them into a heresy. In a sense this is true, but not entirely so. Besides the external circumstances, there probably existed an intrinsic cause. It was the fact that from the first they held the Bible in their own language. This paper attempts to show that the "biblicism" of the Waldenses was one of the most fundamental factors that led them into the way of a "heresy". II The Early Waldenses and the Bible The Walelenses, from their origin, were a people of the Bible. Documents by contemporary Catholic writers indicate that, from the very outset, they possessed the Bible in the vernacular, read it, and tried to obey it completely. They preached according to the precepts of the Bible, and their messages were based on it. Their meetings were opportunities to teach it. They considered the Bible the ultimate authority of belief, and the Bible was, in a real sense, their standard of faith and practice. III The Danger of the Bible in the High Middle Ages The Bible has been the standard of christian belief and practice through all ages. During the Middle Ages, however, the Bible was considered a dangerous book by the Church. The threat that the Bible presented to the Medieval Church were as follows: 1. It might cause lay preaching. 2. It might cause criticism of the Church. 3. It could be used as a test of the teachings of the Church. For these reasons, at least, the Bible was a "dangerous" book to the Medieval Church. Therefore it is significant that the Waldenses adhered to this "dangerous" book from the beginning, and thus it can be said that it was rather natural that they became a "heresy" in the Middle Ages. IV The Attitude of the Church toward the Bible The Medieval Church had been aware of the danger of the Bible. Papal warnings against Bible reading by the laity are the proof of this. When this possible danger became an actual one, that is, when this danger was fully embodied by the Waldenses, the Church took strong measures in order to remove this danger: Official Prohibition Against Holding the Bible. This reaction itself reveals how dangerous the Bible was for the Medieval Church. V Conclusion As a result of studying the historical facts about the Waldenses, three facts are clear: first, they possessed, read, and tried to obey the Bible from the very beginning ; second, the Bible was a dangerous book for the Medieval Church ; third, popes had cautioned against Bible reading by laymen, and the Church, after the rise of the Waldenses, took decisive measures, that is, official prohibition against holding the Bible. From these three facts, it can be concluded that Bible reading was one of the most fundamental causes that brought about the Waldensian "heresy". If this factor is neglected, the whole Waldensian movement would not be explained fully. Bible reading was one of the most fundamental factors that made the Waldenses a "heresy" in the Middle Ages., I Introduction Recently emphasis has been given to the view that the rise of the Waldensian heresy was due primarily to external factors: that is, the strong attitude, the hard policy, of the Church drove them into a heresy. In a sense this is true, but not entirely so. Besides the external circumstances, there probably existed an intrinsic cause. It was the fact that from the first they held the Bible in their own language. This paper attempts to show that the "biblicism" of the Waldenses was one of the most fundamental factors that led them into the way of a "heresy". II The Early Waldenses and the Bible The Walelenses, from their origin, were a people of the Bible. Documents by contemporary Catholic writers indicate that, from the very outset, they possessed the Bible in the vernacular, read it, and tried to obey it completely. They preached according to the precepts of the Bible, and their messages were based on it. Their meetings were opportunities to teach it. They considered the Bible the ultimate authority of belief, and the Bible was, in a real sense, their standard of faith and practice. III The Danger of the Bible in the High Middle Ages The Bible has been the standard of christian belief and practice through all ages. During the Middle Ages, however, the Bible was considered a dangerous book by the Church. The threat that the Bible presented to the Medieval Church were as follows: 1. It might cause lay preaching. 2. It might cause criticism of the Church. 3. It could be used as a test of the teachings of the Church. For these reasons, at least, the Bible was a "dangerous" book to the Medieval Church. Therefore it is significant that the Waldenses adhered to this "dangerous" book from the beginning, and thus it can be said that it was rather natural that they became a "heresy" in the Middle Ages. IV The Attitude of the Church toward the Bible The Medieval Church had been aware of the danger of the Bible. Papal warnings against Bible reading by the laity are the proof of this. When this possible danger became an actual one, that is, when this danger was fully embodied by the Waldenses, the Church took strong measures in order to remove this danger: Official Prohibition Against Holding the Bible. This reaction itself reveals how dangerous the Bible was for the Medieval Church. V Conclusion As a result of studying the historical facts about the Waldenses, three facts are clear: first, they possessed, read, and tried to obey the Bible from the very beginning ; second, the Bible was a dangerous book for the Medieval Church ; third, popes had cautioned against Bible reading by laymen, and the Church, after the rise of the Waldenses, took decisive measures, that is, official prohibition against holding the Bible. From these three facts, it can be concluded that Bible reading was one of the most fundamental causes that brought about the Waldensian "heresy". If this factor is neglected, the whole Waldensian movement would not be explained fully. Bible reading was one of the most fundamental factors that made the Waldenses a "heresy" in the Middle Ages.},
 pages = {71--91},
 title = {"異端"の誕生 : 西欧中世におけるワルド派"異端"の一要因},
 volume = {11},
 year = {1987}
}